Features of C++ in programming

Features of C++ in programming Ans1. Unique features of C++ : Encapsulation: It is the process of combining data and functions into a single unit called class. Using the method of encapsulation, the programmer cannot directly access the data rather data is accessible through the functions present inside the class. It led to the important concept of data hiding. Abstraction: It is one of the most powerful and vital features provided by object-oriented C++ programming language. The main idea behind data abstraction is to give a clear separation between properties of datatype and the associated implementation details. Polymorphism: It is the ability to use an operator or function in different ways. Poly, referring to many uses of these operators and functions. A single function usage or an operator functioning in many ways can be called polymorphism. Inheritance: It is the process by which new classes called derived classes are created from existing classes called base classes. The derived classes have all the features of the base class and the programmer can choose to add new features specific to the newly created derived classes. C++ better than C: Stronger typing: the type system in C++ is stronger than in C. This prevents many common programming errors coupled with the next very important feature, the stronger type system even manages not be an inconvenience. A Bigger standard library: C++ allows the full use of the standard library. It includes the Standard Template Library. Parameterized types: the template keyword allows the programmer to write generic implementations of algorithms. Data and methods to edit the data act as one entity i.e. by the usage of classes. Limiting scope of data i.e. by using private/public variables. Constructors and destructors for defining default behaviour of entities. Ques2. Demonstrate the use of Inline Functions and Function Overloading. Ans2. An Inline function is a function that is expanded in line when it is invoked. This kind of function is used to save the memory space which becomes appreciable when a function is likely to be called a number of times. It is used to eliminate the cost of calls to small functions. Normally, a function call transfers the control from the calling program to the function and after the execution of the program returns the control back to the calling program after the function call but in inline function, when the program is compiled, the code present in the function body is replaced in place of the function call. Syntax: inline datatype function_name(arguments) { function body } Example: #include #include inline float mul(float x, float y) { return (x*y); } inline double div(double p, double q) { return (p/q); } int main() { clrscr(); float a= 12.345; float b= 9.82; cout

Government Legislative Branch

The Legislative Branch is made up of the two houses of Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives. The most important duty of The Legislative Branch is to make laws on a particular Bill, which are written, discussed, and voted on amongst Congress. In the Senate there are 100 senators, two from each state. Senators are elected by their states and serve six-year terms. The Vice President of the United States is considered the head of the Senate, but does not vote in the Senate unless there is a tie. The Senate approves nominations made by the President to the Cabinet, the Supreme Court, federal courts and other posts. The Senate must ratify all treaties by a two-thirds vote. The House of Representatives contains 435 representatives. The number of representatives each state gets is based on its population. According to Factmonster. com, â€Å"California has many more representatives than Rhode Island. When Census figures determine that the population of a state has changed significantly, the number of representatives in that state may shift proportionately. Representatives are elected by their states and serve two-year terms. The Speaker of the House, elected by the representatives, is considered the head of the House. The Senate and the House of Representatives share several functions. Both regulate interstate commerce, interstate communication, interstate transportation, the U. S. Mint, and the supply of money. Both also create courts and declare war on foreign countries. House members represent a certain district in each state. This means that members will stay in touch with their local state g overnment allowing them to connect citizens with what is going on in Washington. In doing so, House members will be more aware of their opinions and needs and be able to advocate for them. Also, one major job duties of The House will be to raise revenue through taxes. They will also participate in committees to study bills, hold public hearings, get expert testimony, and listen to votes so that legislation can be passed. The primary function of both the House of Representatives and the Senate is to make laws. First the bill is drafted, and then a senator introduces it. The bill is then referred to a committee for review. After the committee has reviewed the bill, it is debated in the Senate, and senators propose amendments in relation to the bill and determine whether it should be passed or not. If the bill passes, it is then sent to the House of Representatives and then returned to the Senate. If the House of Representatives do not change the bill, the Senate signs the bill and delivers it to the White House. The President either signs the bill to make it a law, or vetoes it. Another important part of a senator's job is representing his or her state in national issues. Most senators spend a good amount of time talking to the residents of their home state about issues of importance to them. â€Å"Part of being in The Senate it is their responsibility to hold all impeachment hearings for government officials. In impeachment hearings, the Senate Chamber is used as a courtroom, and a committee of representatives acts as the prosecutor. If two-thirds of the Senate votes to convict the official, he or she is removed from office,† states eHow. com. The Senate also approves the executive branch's treaties. To make Senate negotiations easier, some presidents have brought senators with them to treaty negotiations. The Constitution requires that U. S. senators must be at least 30 years of age, citizens of the United States for at least nine years, and residents of the states from which they are elected. Members of the House of Representatives must be at least 25, citizens for seven years, and residents of the states which send them to Congress. The states may set additional requirements for election to Congress, but the Constitution gives each house the power to determine the qualifications of its members. According to eHow. com, â€Å"As of January 2009, the annual salary of a Representative is $174,000. The Speaker of the House earns an annual salary of $223,500. Further, Majority and Minority leaders earning $193,000 annually. Representatives also receive lifetime benefits after they have served five years; which include a pension, health benefits and Social Security benefits. † Therichest. org states that, â€Å"As of 2010, yearly salaries for United States Senators were $174,000 for Basic Senators, $193,400 for Majority and Minority Leaders, $223,500 for President Pro Tempore, and $230,700 for the Vice President. † Boundless. com summarizes the constitution and states that, â€Å"Article I of the United States Constitution describes the powers of Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government. To establish the powers of and limitations of the Congress, the Article addresses the creation of the House of Representatives, which is composed of Representatives from each state. The number of representatives for each state is dependent upon the size of the population. The Article also establishes that there will be two Senators from each state. † The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers. However, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments, while the House of Representatives initiates revenue-raising bills. The House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before an impeached person can be forcibly removed from office. The Constitution also goes into detail and explains the jobs of the Senate by saying that each state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. Senators serve staggered six-year terms. The chamber of the United States Senate is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D. C. , the national capital. The Senate has several exclusive powers not granted to the House, including consenting to treaties as a precondition to their ratification. The Senate also confirms appointments of Cabinet secretaries, federal judges, other federal executive officials, military officers, regulatory officials, ambassadors, and other federal uniformed officers, as well as trial of federal officials impeached by the House. The Vice President of the United States is the ex officio President of the Senate, with authority to preside over the Senate's sessions, although he can vote only to break a tie. Senators are regarded as more prominent political figures than members of the House of Representatives because there are fewer of them, and because they serve for longer terms, usually represent larger constituencies. According to the Constitution the major power of the House is to pass federal legislation that affects the entire country, although its bills must also be passed by the Senate and further agreed to by the President before becoming a law. The House has several exclusive powers: the power to initiate revenue bills, to impeach officials, and to elect the U. S. President. Each state is represented in the House in proportion to its population, but is entitled to at least one representative. The most populous state, California, currently has 53 representatives. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. Each representative serves for a two-year term. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, who presides over the chamber, is elected by the members of the House, and is therefore traditionally the leader of the House Democratic Caucus or the House Republican Conference, whichever of the two Congressional Membership Organizations has more voting members. Elections for representatives are held in every even-numbered year, and on Election Day, the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. By law, Representatives must be elected from single-member districts by plurality voting. Most do not see the importance of the Legislative Branch because most of its actions are done behind closed doors but that does not take away from the important jobs of the House and the Senate. The Legislative Branch keeps the other two branches in order with Checks and Balances as well as each other. Without The Legislative Branch the government would not be able to function properly and orderly.

German bombers Essay

Children began to move back into the cities. This caused the strain upon the British government, money was need to support huge propaganda campaigns to get parents to send children back into the countryside. As soon as the phoney war was over and cities became the targets of German bombers there was a rush to get the children back to the countryside, meaning a second trip for many, a waste of both time and money. In spite of all this evacuation was a success as its valuable points outweigh the bad. When German bombers gave up on attacking British airfields and military targets, they employed the tactics of bombing British cities, hoping the country would give in by submission. This was known as the Blitz, during which Britain suffered over 43,000 casualties (a relative low number compared to bombing raids on Japan and Germany in the latter stages of the war) and only a small percentage of these were children. The whole event, though it had faults was planned from 1935 and planned well. Albeit speed proved not to be crucial for the evacuation, the British managed to evacuate a million and a half people in 4 days – an impressive feat by any standard. The transportation was also well organised with many trains leaving from the city into the countryside and all reaching their destination without hindrance. With the number of people being evacuated, accomplishing anything of worth was a formidable task. In spite of this, schools were relocated, so children could continue with their schooling. The government did not make foster parenting a completely thankless tasks, the governments paid carers (a good incentive for some though many were already rich). There was also the social good of the evacuation. Will many city people eventually ending up in the countryside there was a mix of cultures – rural people could see how badly some people in the city lived, and the city children could learn more about the countryside. For many children a new way of living had been introduced to them. Though these factors were of no significant value to the war effort but helped improve people conceptions of the country. Considering things from a military prospective, the evacuation was a success. During the war, the Luftwaffe battled ferociously with the Royal Air Force. However the Germans changed their tactics, instead of bombing airfields and military installations they concentrated on major cities. Though not widely publicised, Britain suffered greatly from the bombings. Nearing the end of the war, the Germans changed their bombing tactics again, they now used the dreaded V1 planes and later on the V2 rockets. The latter caused much death and destruction and no defence could be found. Britain lost many buildings and lives. Britain’s casualties for children however was relatively low, because most were safe in the countryside. The safety of the children was a boost for moral, workers knew that their children were safe. Cities would also operate more efficiently with out the hinderance of the elderly, young and disabled. â€Å"Evacuation was a great success† I believe so.

Favorite TV series essays

Favorite TV series essays That is definitely a tough question. When it comes to TV series I am a kid. My favorites are all cartoons. The one series that stands out most in my mind would have to be The Simpsons. This series has been going for most of my childhood and it has just stuck with me. It has as many as 14 seasons, which is the most any cartoon has ever run. This isnt just any cartoon though. In fact, it not really considered a cartoon because its on the fox network and is, I guess, more sophisticated than a normal cartoon. The episodes are laid out as in a soap opera, each having more of a plot than the norm of cartoons. The Simpsons revolves around a somewhat dysfunctional family. They face the same problems that any average family would face. The episodes delve into just about every problem a person could face. Anywhere from gambling, alcoholism, parent abuse, poverty, hunger, etc. Because the family faces these problems they appear more realistic and almost like a neighbor being followed with cameras. The family consists of Homer, the loving but not so good dad, Bart, the son who always pulls some prank to get into trouble, Lisa, the daughter who would be perfect if her family was not holding her down, and Marge, the loving wife and mother who tends to nag. The Simpsons live in Springfield, which is a fictitious city in the show but is an actual city in real life somewhere. In the show there is a whole world of people created. From the doctor to the drunk to the guys on TV. Everyone is well known and has names and backgrounds. The show sometimes shifts its interests from the Simpsons and delves into the lives of the other members of the town of Springfield. I really like this show because of the depth of character it goes into and the antics of the hilarious Homer Simpson. ...

Puja essay Essays

Puja essay Essays Puja essay Essay Puja essay Essay Buddhists believe that by performing certain actions with the right intentions it is possible to purify your karma and attain merit may any auspicious purify power generated by writing this work be for the benefit of my parents, wife, and daughter all who read this book and beings, merit can help on the path to enlightenment and can also be shared with others, just like the Buddha shared with his followers. In the days of the Buddha his followers seen him and his teachings as a refuge, in Buddhism the word refuge means a place you can go to be safe, a place you can trust, a place you an go and develop as a person, and a place for support. Buddhist thought that the world is full of perils, ignorance and suffering and Buddhism was a refuge from this. The community of Buddhism also became a refuge for followers. Many traditions in Buddhism see the three jewels as refuges and will chant them in pail, Buddhism saran chamois, dammar saran chamois, gingham saran chamois this chant is called going for refuge and is very important in the Buddhist ritual. In chanting the formula Buddhists orientate themselves from worldly things like money and romance ND push themselves towards the three jewels. During the time of the Buddha all those who took refuge in him were called buckish, he sent them out with the words go monks and travel for the welfare and happiness of the people out of compassion for the world, teach the dharma, buckish lived a wandering life, they taught the dharma and only ate what was given to them. In Buddhism there are no rules about how often one should worship, however many Buddhists keep a shrine in their house so they can perform simple acts of worship daily. The word shrine implies that it is a place where something special is kept, in all forms of Buddhism ceremonies are held regularly in temples. The layout of the shrine and the objects associated with it vary from one Buddhist saga to another, but there are common features between them all. There is usually a statue or a picture of shamanic in the centre of the shrine; Mahayana shrines in particular are more likely to have a variety of Buddha images. Offering water at the butane is a symbol of respect, this is because India is such a warm country and water is a valuable moodily. Light is an important symbol, in Buddhism a candle flame represents enlightenment. A shrine is treated with great respect and care, it is usually cleaned daily, with water and food changed daily. Statues are also a part of pupas, the identity of the statue on the shrine depends largely on the kind of Buddhism being carried out. Tetrahedral Buddhist temples and shrines have statues of the historical Buddha; in this case the statue represents the historical Buddha as worthy of respect for what he achieved. The Buddhist rage to show respect for all that the Buddha stands for through their actions comes from the practice in early Buddhism of visiting and circumnavigating status containing the relics of the Buddha are an important part of worship. A mantra is a phrase containing the name of an enlightened being that worshippers repeat and In doing so they manifest the qualities of that enlightened being, mom main padre hum is an important mantra. In Tibetan Buddhism the mantra is written on prayer flags and on pieces of paper that are put inside prayer wheels which the worshipper turns.

Reliability Standards&Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Reliability Standards&Regulations - Essay Example t establishes a framework for eco-design requirements for Energy-using-Products which aims to contribute to sustainable development by increasing energy efficiency and protecting the environment while increasing the security of the energy supply. ‘Action should be taken during the design phase of EuP since it appears that the pollution caused during a product’s life cycle is determined at that stage, and most of the costs involved are committed then. If products have a standby mode, this is likely to be affected with a maximum consumption level in this mode. Standby mode is used where the equipment needs to be reactivated remotely or is required to carry out a function as displaying a clock. The maximum power consumption in standby mode depends on the equipment’s function and 1 watt decreasing to 0.5 watts is being proposed for products that use standby as a re-activation function only.. Televisions, microwave ovens, computer monitors, etc will need to be designed to ensure that this is not exceeded. This requirement has far-reaching implications as every function within a product circuitry will need to be reviewed to determine how the power consumption can be reduced. Many products cannot be completely shut down as the off-switch disconnects the input power supply from other parts of the equipment but does not disconnect the power supply from the mains. This is termed â€Å"Off-mode† and it is proposed to restrict power consumption of equipment in this mode initially to 1 watt and, two years later, to 0.5

Political Cartoons act as a catalyst for social and political change Essay

Political Cartoons act as a catalyst for social and political change - Essay Example Such matters are best addressed using these cartoons. Others cases here cartoons are used is to make request, exposing inhuman actions, immorality, and pushing for change (Heckel & Kvetensky 20). There different types of cartoons used to address different issues in the political environment. Each and every category of cartoon has its own complexity in getting the verbal and the visual meaning in them. Multi-genre study helps in the production of this sign as well as comprehending the, presentational, organization, and orientation aspect of this expressions. In this case, visual and verbal interrelations become different because each one of them has been fixed in their own complexities. But in real sense there is always a language between them and within them as well as some imagery or metaphor or in the aim of making the subject to have a hidden meaning. It is the duty of the reader to differentiate them in principle terms, making some combination of ideas, and ultimately getting the hidden information in the cartoon (Freud 67). The paper’s main focus is to give an over view about the political cartoons, this uses and categories. This is because different cartoons are used to deriver different information to different target groups. Different imageries are used as well in the aim of coding the information to the required complexity and for the appropriateness in delivering the intended information (Giora 470). Both the qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are important in conducting a research. This is in the aim of coming up with a solid conclusions which is reliable for further analytical studies. Observation is the most suitable method in coming up with a detailed out come because almost all the inclusion in this review are revolving in an about cartoon images. It incorporated both the past and the present records as far as the subject is concerned, as well as other relevant records (Hudak 780). Animal