Runway Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

cartroad Company - prove ExampleThe twenty five dollar ($ 25) would be transferred to the existent customer account if and only if the referred untested customer purchase item from the bon tons website. Moreover, afterward transferring of twenty five dollars ($ 25) to the account of the existing customer, the silver can only be utilized by the customer on the purchasing of new items from the companys website. The case study pertains to referral credit, in this regard the document presents a thorough interchange on the said topic. It is pertinent to state that the referral credit should be recorded in the income statement as a marketing expense and this money is spent in an effort to bring in to a greater extent clients for the company. The company is spending additional money to attain more customers and is expanding its scope. As a marketing strategy, the company is using its existing customer base to bring in more customers by offering them incentives on referring the site to other people. In the long run this additional money spent in the lick of referral credits result be beneficial for the company as it get out result in an addition in the sales and revenues. It cannot be recorded as a reduction in revenues as this will not provide a clear picture and future increase in customers and revenues cannot be attributed to this money spent. On the other hand, if twenty five dollars ($ 25) referral credit inducement offered to the Runway Discount Companys customers, the offer can bring in more new customers for the company. And the new customers would be the vital causa for increasing sales, after the sales increment, the increase should explain if twenty five dollars ($ 25) amount is recorded as a marketing expense. Thus, it is suggested that in order to provide a more accurate depiction to the investors, it is best(predicate) to record referral credit as a marketing expense (Gregory, 2011). When would Runway record the $ 25 Referral course credit ? It is relevant to know that the Runway Company would record twenty five dollars ($ 25) referral credit in its books at the time when the new customer referred by an old or existing customer, makes a purchase from Runway Companys website. When the new customer makes a purchase, the Runway Company is bound to give twenty five dollars ($ 25) referral credit to its customer. In other words twenty five dollars ($ 25) become a indebtedness of the company. However, if an existing customer refers the portal to a third person, not familiar to the website but the person after surfing the site does not make a purchase the Runway Company will not record any referral credit in its books. When the new customer makes a purchase, twenty five dollars ($ 25) will be recorded as a referral fee in the

Effect on Demand for Coke as a Result of a fall in the Price of Pepsi Essay

Effect on Demand for Coke as a Result of a fall in the Price of Pepsi - Essay ExampleThere is a frailness versa effect on the pray for the good whereby the demand decreases as a result of an increase in the price of the good. There are certain factors that affect the demand for a good or a service. There is the effect on the demand for the good and service as a result of the subscribe to of income of the consumer. The consumer can demand more goods with a given level of income when the prices of the goods fall. With the alike level of income, the consumer demands fewer goods and services if the price of the goods is increased (Hildenbrand, 2014). There is also the effect of demand for goods and services due to the substitution of the goods. The demand for a good and service falls if the price of the substitute good falls since the consumers turn to the cheaper champion. The consumers aim at saving and hence prefer the cheaper goods than the expensive substitutes hence affecting the demand for the two goods some(prenominal) negatively and positively. Consumers use different goods to satisfy their acquires. There are particular goods that can be utilize to satisfy the same need of a consumer regardless being of different forms. There is usually a rise in the level of demand of one good if the price of the opposite good rises and the other one falls. An example of such goods is the Coke and the Pepsi product in the market (Hildenbrand, 2014). These products satisfy the same need of the consumers since they are all soft drinks and they can all be used to quench thirst. This serving of the same purpose by the coke and the Pepsi where the coke can be used instead of Pepsi and Pepsi can be used instead of coke to satisfy the same need makes them finished substitutes. The coke and the Pepsi products being perfect substitutes can have their demands affected differently by changes in their prices. A change of the price of one good would affect the demand for t he other good.

Romantic Composers' Enthusiasm for Writing Orchestral Program Music Essay

Romantic Composers Enthusiasm for Writing Orchestral Program Music - Essay patternBeing a representative of Early Romanticism, Hector Berlioz was one of the true founders of Romantic era in music. Writing in the grand romantic tradition, Berlioz is famous for his large operas and symphonies. He brought the true Romantic genius into program music and can be considered as not less significant and even basal figure than Beethoven with his passion and emotional depth of expressions. Berlioz is mostly famous for his Symphonie fantastique and Grande Messe des morts both appeared as true progress in program music organizing. Written in 1830, Symphonie fantastique is divided into five thematic parts or movements. This Berliozs composition can be surely referred to as program music since it is subtitled as An Episode in the Life of an Artist and has its own narration. During the time of writing this symphony, Berlioz has extremely fallen in love with the Irish actress, Harriet Smithson, an d this fact is the background of the Symphonie fantastique plot. As for the technical content and using new approaches in the composition, Symphonie fantastique is filled with the intensively dramatic music and unusual timbres and textures. Being a professional conductor and super talented composer, Hector Berlioz used a large orchestra with prominent role of brass and percussion p to four timpani players. On the other hand, it occurs that Berlioz was also highly impressive and sensitive person, and, therefore, composition was eer an extremely creative process for him. As it is said in introduction of Symphonie fantastique text In this specialize his sensations, feelings and memories find utterance in his sick brain in the form of musical imagery. Even the honey one takes the form of melody in his mind, like a fixed idea that is ever-returning, that he hears

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microeconomics - Essay Example2. Explain the variety between a private good and a public good. Why has thither been an increase in the number of public goods produced by governments? Public Goods are goods that are non-rival and non-excludable, quite the opposite of Private Goods (Experimental political economy Center). Public goods, being non-rival, authority that the bare(a) utility mathematical functiond-up by one consumer does not limit the fringy utility that another consumer will use. Private goods, on the other hand, are rival goods, which mean that if there are a total of 10 pencils in the market and Consumer A utilizes 4 of those pencils, then the marginal utility enjoyed by Consumer B is decreased to only 6 pencils. Public goods are non-excludable which basically means that one consumer does not block other consumers from using up the public good. This differs from private goods in that should consumers use up the supply of private goods, other consumers are excluded f rom enjoying the private good. In Economics, one of the causes of Market mischance is public good and the tendency of the consumers to free-ride.

Evaluate the Relation Between the Media, Politicians and Big Donors in Essay

Evaluate the Relation in the midst of the Media, Politicians and Big Donors in UK - Essay ExampleThe big donors provide the huge funds for the politicians campaigns with the aim of influencing some policies or deals when the politicians attain official or elected positions (Koss 17). With these few examples, it is apparent that on that point is a relationship between big donors, politicians and the media.In politics, the media has direct impact or influence on the common, as it conveys all the political messages required to sway the public in a particular direction. Therefore, for the politicians to be successful in their political bids, they have to be intertwined with the media. This is not unique for the United Kingdom, since other politicians track different affairs in other countries practice the same. The media is the main source of news for every mortal in the United Kingdom, therefore, making it an important tool in furthering political agendas. It influences the public immensely by swaying their perception about different politicians. The media also helps in exposing scandals that may be detrimental to some politicians move (Dean 12). Take the example of the United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal that was exposed in 2009 by the wire Group.The Daily Telegraph published copies of the expenses records, which proved that members of parliament had misused the taxpayers money through bloated allowances and expenses. The media focused on the scandal, thus provoking anger among the citizens who demanded for the resignation and prosecution of the members of parliament involved in the scandal. The immense indicant of the media was demonstrated, as it was able to inform the people about secret mischievous dealings that were happening in parliament. The media was able to invoke anger in the public and create the image of a failed legislature. Owing to the media, the public lost confidence in some politicians therefore, creating pressure for the

The squaters' world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The squaters world - Essay caseThe issue is not about who is right or wrong or whether squatting is good or not, but to understand the situation of squatting as a whole. Throughout this analysis, we will see that squatting is an alternative movement which fights for its own rights and asserts a different lifestyle that is anti-capitalist.Millions of people squat in the world. It is the oldest trend of living. According to the Oxford dictionary, squatting means unlawfully occupy an uninhabited building or area of land.(Oxford Dictionary 2008). Squatters exist all around the world, from Bombay to New York the action is the same but the purposes differ. In Nairobi shantytown, peoples take a leak no other choice but to do squatting to survive. They sometimes live with several families in the same built house. In a certain way, the squatters are the capitalisms confirmative victims. In western countries, squats represent a warm place to spend the night but similarly an alternative way of living. It is a strong philosophy which stands up against capitalism. The conditions of living can be measly or good, depending on the country and the geographical situation. Inhabitants can find a free place where many another(prenominal) activities occur and where many different people live.According to Luca Pattaroni from the Laboratory of Urban Sociology of the Federal Institute of engineering science in Lausanne, research shows that most squatters are people of low income, from a wide range of societal background (Swissinfo 2008). Indeed squatters are not only homeless. They can be young rebels,artists, or travelers. In many cases, we find students and citizens who cannot afford the extremely high Geneva rental accommodations. There are alike many refugees and immigrants from Africa, Latin America and from Central Europe. Squats are socially centered, where people from uncommon horizon cohabit. Junkie, warlike or tramp with any limited age are welcomed to

Strategic Marketing (StarHub Internet) Research Paper

Strategic Marketing (StarHub Internet) - Research Paper ExampleBut, in the period of the 21st century focusing on one method of marketing is considered as equivalent to committing organizational suicide and in that respectfore, modern professiones are forced to use a bunch of marketing techniques in locate to stay in the business (Fahy and Smithee 1999). Moreover, marketing and advertisement is away from the noble concept of ethics and obligation (Robin and Reidenbach 1987). The marketing is considered marketing whether or not it is dirty. So the staff in the advertisement department is mantic to keep the products and services of the company selling in order to keep their jobs (Botan 1997) The distribution dodge is a means of devising a system and mechanism for delivering the products to the customers. The business in the 21st century cannot support without placement of the products as soon as possible. The cyberspace service provider is recommended to develop the internal show of the art system and then, move on to the next stage of promoting itself and its services. The main idea is to boost the organizational ability to provide services when customers need or demand them. The external environs of the business has a profound impact on internal matters and practices of the business (Bourgeois 1980). The concerned Strategic Business Unit is operational in an pains that is characterized as well developed and established and therefore, the company is in need to add up the industrial norms strictly. The management is recommended to blend in the market before thinking of innovating. In opening hardly a(prenominal) years, the SBU will not be able to do much more than surviving through the challenges of the industry (Sethi 1979). The SBUs first and paramount objective is to find balance and sustainability in a challenging environment and these objectives and goals can be obtained by following industrial standards and norms at in initial one or two ye ars (Hult, Hurley and Knight 2004). But, the quality of services should be maintained in a foresighted term perspective. The external environment of the internet industry is well established and therefore, management of the company is suggested to gain standardizations and development of standard operating procedures. The structure of SBU will also be divided clearly and there should be departmentalization. The task of providing internet services is a simple one and because of this reason, management does not assume much room for innovation and newness while performing business activities. Product Augmentation Strategy The product augmentation strategy is used to mix two or more offerings in one package so that the customer can receive more value in less amount of money. This strategy is rate as the most effective one, when an organization is working to develop it market presence and share. The internet service provider is recommended to provide high quality cloud printing and sc anning services along with traditional ones and therefore, the customers may receive more value than their expectations and anticipations. The receipt of more customer value will induce the consumers to blend repeated benefiters. These strategies will be designed for one to two initial years and then the business unit must expand its geographical reach. The core source of creating customer value in internet industry is the quality of internet downloading and uploading speed. In the modern society people have internet connections

Accountancy is not a profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Accountancy is not a profession - Essay ExampleIn the period of time between 1933 and 1934, there occurred tremendous growth in the financial markets and their structure and level of organization modify considerably. That growth can be attri only ifed to the audited financial datas reliability to a considerable finish (Antle and Suner, 2007). However, over the last decade, a wave of scandals has shaken the structure of accountancy as a profession. The pass surrounding the professional status of accountancy can be traced back to the early 20th century. The authoritative court of one of the states in the early 20th century referred to accountancy as a product line that did not benefited the mankind like the profession of law, and further said that the laws of accountancy drive been passed in the interest of those engaged in the occupation and for their protection and advantage rather than in the interest of the public welfare (Turnburee, 1946, p. 47). Profession has been defin ed as a calling, occupation, or vocation distinguished from a treat or handicraft (Webster cited in Turnburee, 1946, p. 47). On the other hand, accountancy has been defined as the art as well as the science of recording, classifying, summarizing of business transactions in terms of money within an write up or financial year, with the help of principles and techniques (Banerjee, 2010, p. 4). ... Formation of such organizations has increased the demand of clarification of the rules. When the accountants get any pressure from the management or are sued, they tend to approach the rule-making organizations and express their concern over lose of clarification of rules in particular cases. Rules are always secondary to professional judgment. In the big picture, this slickness in emphasis from judgment to rules has damaged their professionalism. No profession can rely on rules as the main basis for its work (Sunder cited in Antle and Sunder, 2007). The professional status of accountanc y has also been challenged by some(prenominal) accountants. For example, the accountant David Logan at the IRIS World Event arranged at Twickenham warned the fellows that accountancy is increasingly change state a trade rather than a profession I used to have seven audits, but I could do 95% of my business without being registered. Were competing with anybody who can set up as a bookkeeper. If someone is made redundant and sets up on their own, you cant compete with that (Logan cited in Stokdyk, 2012). The recent changes made to the audit exemption criteria have made things even worse as the firms have started to do the works of accountancy without an accountant. These days, many large companies do such works as register the accounts and bookkeeping without the help of accountants and still no objections are raised by the government (Stokdyk, 2012). Although the government provides business with the relaxation of red tape, yet the accountants are facing restrictions from various avenues for making income. Another accountant capital of Minnesota Scholes encouraged

FINAL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FINAL - Essay ExampleThe moral social structure of diplomacy remains essentially the same for all officials because they are all charged to obey and carry out the law and respect legal process in exercising their power and judgment (Victoria 1). Discretion is touch on in every matter of professional life for a street- aim government employee. A front specify officer is unremarkably more involved in dealing with commonplace matters because he/she has to deal with public more than the higher ranked officials do. A front note government officer should exercise his/her judgment in resolving public matters instead of sending every simple case to higher authorities. For example, a law officer should have the power to decide whether he/she should resolve a conflicting stake on his/her own or he/she should send the case to the court to decide on it. However, it depends on the nature of the case. If a case is not very complex and both conflicting parties come to the police officer to suggest a solution for them, then the police officer should make the last on his/her own. such kickshaws in day-to-day work not only enhance the ability of front line government offices to the critical decisions but also reduce the load of work for the government agencies. For example, if a police officer resolves simple conflicts between people on his/her own, it will reduce the workload for the court which is usually already burdened with a number of cases. However, sometimes discretion in day-today activities does not work come up for the society. The reason is that the reasoning and logic that a person at a higher level flock give related to public administration matters is different from the mindset of a person working as a front line government employee. Higher appointments are done based on the level of qualification and intellectual ability of people. Such people deal take wise decisions by smell all aspects of matters. For example, a decision that a judge can tak e is more wise and merit-based than the decision that a front line police officer takes. Similarly, a decision that the manager of an organization can take for employees is more applicable and rational as compared to the decision that an employee takes for his/her work. Therefore, we can say that the consequences if street-level bureaucrats have discretion in their day-to-day activities vary from case to case. However, the negative consequences are not able to overcome the benefits associated with discretion to day-to-day works, such as, enhanced intellectual ability and reduced workload for government agencies. Every elected, appointed, and life official must exercise judgment and discretion in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of office (Victoria 1). Part B The fundamental assumption of administrative reformers in the late 1800s and early 1900s that politics could have only unfavorable effects on administration was true up to some extent. The reason is that the politi cs of that time had interconnected such elements which could have disturbed the administrative approaches and systems of almost every department. Some of such elements included hurt of power, reducing the rights of others, and political instability. All of these elements played their roles in running the political matters of Central European countries. Such elements could have broken the

Racism in America (the zeitgeist) around year 1890-1920 based on the Essay

Racism in America (the zeitgeist) around year 1890-1920 based on the obtain Give Me Liberty, by Foner (chapter 17, 18, and 19 only) - Essay Example scorch and white people resided nearby on lands as intumesce as agricultural estates and physical segregation developed contact involving neighbors sporadic. On the some other hand, liberated color citizens, situated mainly in northern and southern municipalities as swell up as metropolis, suffered closing off in different sorts. When the High Court made judgment in Dread Scott versus Strafford (1858) that forbidding Americans werent American people, whites from the north isolated black people from civic transport seats as well as forbidden their entrance, except for employees, from nearly all lodges with food outlets. When permitted into lecture hall as well as theaters, black people sat in separate parts they as well attended isolated schools. Nearly all churches, as well, got segregated (Washington 4).Rebuilding subsequent to the civil trash caused severe problems to white primacy and isolation, particularly within the Southern part where the majority Black Americans continued to reside. The slavery abolition during 1866 after which approval of the 14th modification (1869) followed which extended nationality as well as aforesaid(prenominal) law protection to Black Americans moreover within decades just following the Civil fighting isolation reduced. However the chances of black people using together public transportation as well as shared housing with white people grew in the time subsequent to 1866. Black people receive right to use public vehicles as well as railway transport on the grounding of integration. Definitely, numerous transport corporations preferred integration since they didnt desire a danger losing business with blacks Black American gained entrance to unified public accommodation. Enactment through Parliament of public Privileges Act (1876), which banned racial favoritism within public housing, offers proof concerning sustained existence of racism as well as the call for

Economics DD202B-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

economics DD202B-1 - Essay ExampleEvery other economic variable gave up simultaneously as is self-evident from the next graph that depicts the trends taken by the score of unemployment and that of inflation. While the rate of unemployment had reached a peak during 1933 when it equalled 25.2%, the rate of inflation as measured by the GDP deflator had been -11.46% in 1932. Hence, the parsimoniousness at that point of date was suffering from a heavy recession. In fact, such was the vigour of the crisis that the monetarists could not inject liquidity into the commonwealth even through lowering the rate of interest, supposed to discourage deposits and encourage loans. People around the economy had lost their trust in its fundamentals and wanted to hold back whatever they could, so that conglomeration demand was low. A low aggregate demand triggered a low aggregate supply and thus, sense of equilibrium output production was low as well. The national disposal in their attempt to co rrect the scenario, dependant international trade and adopted a protectionist policy, which deteriorated the problem further.It was when every school of economics had failed to correct the pretend of Great Depression that the Keynesian school of economics came to as the rescuer. John Maynard Keynes ruled out the usual classical concepts of economic growth. Instead he stressed upon spending of more money. He instructed the national government to open up to international trade and hence, stimulate aggregate demand and supply. Moreover, he also suggested the government to invest heftily into the economy even if that amounted to incurring deficits. Moreover, the rate of employment must be at its level best achievable point so that people start earning and hence are instigated towards more spending (Barro, 2008, p. 405). This system introduced by Keynes came to be known in macroeconomics as the Keynesian school of

The Barriers For Nurses In Managing Post-Operative Pain Literature review

The Barriers For Nurses In Managing Post-Operative Pain - Literature review ExampleThe studies recommend improvements in the knowledge and image of nurses in distract management as well as future studies on effective distract management covering a larger population. These studies would help improve the evidence base on the worst matter. Review of Related Literature This chapter shall provide a review of relevant publications. First, it will present a rationale to the literature review and then establish the questions that this review will answer. The aims and objectives of this review shall besides be established. Background/Rationale to Literature Review Pain is one of the most disturbing symptoms which any soulfulness plunder feel. Regardless of its intensity, duration, or location, it underside impact on an individuals psychological and animal(prenominal) well-being (Yildirim, et.al., 2008). During the post-operative period, anguish is a common complaint or symptom for patients. Such pang can further increase the impact of the surgery and can some quantifys delay the patients corporal and emotional recovery (Van Hulle, 2005). Nurses consecrate the unenviable task of ensuring the consistent and effective management of post-operative pain. Their role during this time involves the assessment of pain levels, the administration of pain medications, and providing emotional support for the patients (Textor and Porock, 2006). As nurses, they also gravel the province of notifying the doctors about material changes in the patients condition, mostly in relation to unrelieved pain or pain which manifests with other symptoms including fever, decreased or increased heart rate, unrelieved severe and free burning pain, as well as bleeding at the incision site (Plaisance and Logan, 2006). Based on these significant considerations, pain management is a crucial element in ensuring effective post-operative rush. The nurses administering skills therefore have to have the right skills, interventions, and knowledge to ensure effective post-operative c be (Ferrell and McCaffery, 2008). This topic was chosen because there is a call for to study gaps in the nursing management of post-operative care, including new and possibly more effective means of pain management (Lui, et.al., 2008). This topic was chosen now because nurses have become more and more involved in the management of post-operative care patients and there is a need to evaluate and improve their efficacy in pain management (Matthews and Malcolm, 2007). I am personally interested in this expanse because I consider this an area which is highly specialized and any skills I can learn through evidence-based practice can also help me improve my practice. It relates to my practice because I work in the post-operative care unit and I have personally encountered an instance when the patient manifested severe pain after surgery and I reached a allude when I became doubtful of the effica cy of my skills as a nurse in managing the patients symptom. This literature review can help me establish evidence-based practice on effective post-operative management of pain (McCaffery, 2002). It can also help improve the nursing practice, most especially post-operative nursing care. The delivery of pain easement to patients is also an important benefit for this literature review as it ensures that the pain relief measures would refer to patient-centered and evidence-based care (Joint Commission Resources, 2010). Research Question This literature review will help to answer the question What are the barriers for nurses in managing post-operative pain? Aim This review will review studies discussing the barriers encountered by nurses in post-operative pai

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 69

Summary - Essay ExampleIndia has made well-publicized progress especially in technical education, and we also see that China has not held back.These cardinal countries have a breathtaking level and pace of investment. As clearly observed, China reforms led to the creation of 22 million new businesses employing 135 million good deal who would have remained peasants. This has greatly been facilitated through creation of Special Economic Zones where foreign companies which are willing to pass water modern factories hire cheap labor, and are exempted from taxes, leaving it to the government to build roads and other stand needed (Faigley & Jack 394).The big elephant phenomenon has been mainly due to the removal of barriers to the flow of capital from abroad. This has led to the arise of very effective and internationally competitive softwares and IT, together with the influx of multinational corporations like Starbucks and MacDonalds, which have some(prenominal) branches in these t wo countries, thus elevating the country from the crisis of 77% living on 2$ a day. These two countries have embraced the fact that technology is only one dimension of international competitiveness, and that low labor constitute is one more.We are individualists in our personal ambitions but we either follow or fail as one people in our search for economic progress (Faigley & Jack

Information system Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

entropy body Blog - Essay ExampleEven though examination and more so the software system product leavening is taken as a difficult profession, I would absolutely cherish the idea of operative within its aegis so that my success could be guaranteed with the advent of time. This will make me stand in a league of my own and contribute to my growth and development within the related fields.All oer the world, the software test mea veritables are conducted to find out the software bugs and then to rectify the errors that plague the system in essence. The intention is to bring correction within the software so that the stakeholders do not att dying any mistakes, errors or issues of little or big significance. The software testing regimes reach been employed because the software spend a penny continued to increase far and wide, both in terms of complexity as come up as size. It must be remembered here that quality products do bring up return customers age buggy products mean more disgruntled ones, who would not return at all. Also software testing is done so that the security measures of the software are determined beforehand that it reaches the market and sells massively to the end users. The need is to bring correctness within the related realms and this can only be made sure through rigorous software testing and adherence to the industry standards which are in place. Also test runs would be done to assure of quality and nothing apart from the very same.If I am given up the role under a software testing dimension or a mechanism, I would have chosen the position of a Test Manager because he is one individual upon whom the test results have come through after strict testing measures. The Test Analyst has already made his testify clear through his testing domains and now is the time to move forward with the management of this software testing which has been carried out. It is correct that software tester is indeed the person who tests at the

Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmaceutical Industry - Essay ExampleThis is to ensure the gum elastic of administering a new drug to health volunteers and patients (Novartis 2004).Prior to the therapeutic trials in patients, which is the Phase 1 trials, the pharmaceutic company will need to have the preclinical testing data and findings from the laboratory studies, the manufacturing information, clinical protocols and research worker information in the form of an Investigators Brochure which will contain all the information about the hit the books drug (MHRA 2006). This information will be mandatory by the licensing authority, which in the UK is the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory government agency as part of the application for a Clinical Trials Authorisation which would enable a trial to be conducted in humans. In addition to this Authorisation, the pharmaceutical company will need to obtain a palmy ethical opinion and approval from the site where this drug will be tested.Once all required ap provals are in place, the drug can be tested in a Phase 1 trial in healthy subjects. If the results of this trial are positive and no serious adverse events or suspected unexpected serious adverse events occur, then this progresses to a Phase 2 trial in subjects with the disease or medical condition.The key issues that

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay Example for Free

Black People and auntie Alexandra adjudicate1. How does Jem change? Be specific. a. Page 115-Scout explains that Jem doesnt want her hanging around him only the time get pestering me. And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem now, a title usually reserved for adults. b. Page 116-Jem developed a bothersome air of wisdom that spend. Meaning that he is rational now and understands thingsnot like a brusk kid anymore. He servings to put things into perspective for Scout that she doesnt understand. c. Jem is growing up. He is trying to puzzle out sense of things he sees, trying to be like Atticus, and trying to put behind him childish games and recent pranks.Consequently, sometimes he is moody and sometimes occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. 2. What argon the barbarian disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? a. Page 115-116- remove ALOUD- Atticus got called to an emergency seance of legislature, Dill is not co ming to visit for the summer, and Aunt Alexandra arrives unannounced to live with them. b. These small disappointments foreshadow the exam of Tom Robinson. 3. What is dryal about Jem and Scouts visit to Calpurnias perform building? Explain. a.Page 119-120- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The children experience prejudice against them. They dont possess prejudice and neither does Calpurnia. They are surprise when church goer Lula confronts Cal asking her how she could bring white kids to the black church. b. However, just as not all the white tribe are prejudiced, not all the black people are prejudiced. Zeebo and Reverend Skyes are both welcoming to Scout and Jem. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnias church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week?a. Page 122- This is ironic because everybody wants her to be like a lady, but then they discuss the evils that women bring on the world end-to-end the Impurity of Wo men Doctrine. This is confusing for Scout. 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this grievous? a. Scout learns that Cal leads a infract existence from her household and taking care of her and Jem. Scout sees that Calpurnia speaks a different way around her people than she does with Jem and Scout. This is important because it helps Scout learn to continue to try to see beyond just her world. 6.Why is it foul that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. a. Page 124- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The Ewells are chuck out people and no good who walk out of school, but the blacks really want to learn and would go to school regularly. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra record she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. a. Page 127-She felt Scout needed a feminine influence. b. She was in all likelihood asked to come by Atticus to watch the kids while the trial is going on and try to help them absorb and shelter them from some of what is going on.8. Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. Explain. a. Page 131-132- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- Aunt Alexandra knew all the straitlaced social things to do and say, and she knew a great deal of the history of the local families. She joined some clubs and socialise at her home, and generally did fit right into towns society. However, Alexandra didnt understand or check out with the values by which Atticus was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand the childrens behavior.Because their value systems were different, they were more a great deal than not at odds. English 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- Study Guide Chapters 12 and 13 Directions Read chapters 12 and 13 and answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scouts visit to Calpurnias church? Explain. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady.How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnias church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. 8. Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. Explain.

Christ in the Old Testament Essay Example for Free

Christ in the aged will Es verifyThe Old testament was like a world where divinity fudge would unexpectedly appear to humans and interact with His creations. The of import reasons for this particular action was to in nervous strain that person of what He was about to do. immortal would also use his appearances as a way to to strengthen and encourage his people. In this world, where God sneaks down to conform into the physical form of a human, was for the purpose so that His creations would be more easily able to relate to Him and receive His meaning more adequately. These appearances are known as Christophanies, and are shown passim the Old Testament.James Borland writes a nurse named Christ in the Old Testament. Borland paints a detailed picture of what this world of Christophanies consisted of during that time. Appearances of God date on the whole the way back to the early chapters of Genesis. Even though God appeared some(prenominal) times in throughout the have go t, not all those appearances are considered theophanies. It is difficult to find a comprehensive definition of what theophany is. For an example, Gods brief appearances to Abraham, Joshua, and Gideon are different than the appearances do in Shekinah, or as Jesus the Messiah.Borland quotes The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, which states the idea of theophany is something temporary and not permanent (15). There are Several different connotations of the term theophany, that ordain help better formulate the term Christophany. The different connotations can be distinguished in dreams, visions, shekinah glory, shape of Christ, after his resurrection, his second coming. They all differ from Christophany. Borland presents the idea of Christophany as concrete reality of the time to begin with God began to reveal an ample amount of the Scriptures.The handwriting is divided into different chapters that are in analytic order. In the beginning of the book Borland first defines a Christophany, distinguishing and making it clear from other types of Gods manifestation. The primary difference between the Old Testament Christophany and the incarnation of Christ according to Borland,Is not completely in the transitory nature of the one and the permanency of the other. More importantly the incarnation of Christ involved a permanent union between God and complete manhood(20).Christophany and incarnation are deuce different ideas. Christophanies were actual occurrences. They were not imaginary, or a hallucinatory experience. Borland said that a Christophanies must refuse or fall with the entire word of God and cannot be separated out as later additions to legitimatize certain holy places (21). These were very special events. Some Characteristics of a Christophany that were included in the book Christophanies could only be initiated by God, and He revealed Himself as He willed. Christophanies were revelatory or revealing.Each had an quick purpose, such as the assurance of promises, warnings, or instruction. Christophanies were for individuals rather for multitudes, That is why the incarnation of Christ would not be considered a theophany. Christophanies were intermittent occurrences. There was no predictability as to when a Christophany might occur. They were random. Christophanies only eventuallyed several legal proceeding and they were always audible and visible. The recipient were not hearing things as the world today might say if a Christophany were to happen.Because of the incarnation of Christ, Christophanies are no longer necessary today (33-34). In the other chapters Borland offers several proof that the Old Testament Christophanies were actually appearances of God, Such as Scriptural, and theological. the person that appeared in the Old Testament was all deity and was proved to be the Father Son and the Holy spirit. The author often addresses the objections of heterogeneous dissenting theologians, and various Scriptures that seem to preclude Christophanies.In the case such as in the book of Joshua where the text explains that Joshua saw a man, Borland is convinced that this is still an appearance of God, or Jehovah. In the last few chapters Borland explains the form of Christophanies. He explains that they are visible and were not through a vision. They were audible, and completely bewilder in a human form in every and any recognizable way. Borland examines in insight several individual passages in where God appears or speaks.Borland also focused on the theology of the Christophany in the last few chapters, relating these appearances to four major forms of theology bibliology, theology proper, Christology, and biblical theology. The main point that is made is that God had a purpose for revealing Himself in each Christophany. The world that existed during the time of the Old Testament is evident that it is not the same world that exists in the New Testament. Throughout the years since the Old Testament , God has appeared to humanity in different ways.Ways that are not considered Christophanies. It is amazing how God is willing to criterion out his throne and step down to communicate to a sinful person. The whole idea of God making an effort to communicate with his creation Whether it was in the old testament or in novel times, demonstrates his humility and love. As Christians we should respect and honor him for that. In writing this book James Borland did a extraordinary job writing this book. It was very informational, and this book should be passed down for generations to come.

A Probe into Literary Symbolism Essay Example for Free

A Probe into Literary Symbolism testThis here is my name, to begin with, he said. ARNOLD FRIEND was written in tarlike black letters on the cheek (Oates, 33). This self-introduction of Arnold Friend in Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? sums up the allegorical irony which is also to be found in Good unpolished People by Flannery OConnor. Both the improvident stories atomic number 18 replete with a profusion of symbolisations acting as a set of literary devices. This essay is loss to probe into literary symbolisms and their influence on the overall development of the two short stories. Especial wildness will be given to two symbolic literary devices that have helped establish the thematic constructs. terce main themes are addressed in Good Country People good versus vile the likeliness of salvation after experience with violence and the exposing of intellectual falsifications. (enotes, 2009) The protagonist Joy, who later changes her name to Hu lga, becomes aware of the evil through her bitter encounter with Manley Pointer, a Bible sales slice.Even though she used to take plume in her being different from other country people courtesy of education, it occurs to her in the course of her life-time that Nothing is the only substantial faith she behind cling onto. So the knowledge of evil she gains can be attributed to her experience with nothingness. This hefty irony is masterfully explained through the symbolic usage of book of facts names. The plot of land lacks in motion as far as external flow of action is concerned. Instead, the author concentrates on the internal world of her components to study their psychological traits.Born as Joy, the protagonist changes her name to Hulga because she thinks she is too ugly to be called by a happy name such as Joy. She deliberately misleads her family in stray to find peace in isolation. Her mother Mrs. Hopewells name bears another striking irony in the sense that their family , once struck with misery and economic struggle, is stripped off both hope and wellness. Mr. and Mrs. freewoman belong to the social status of tenant farmers and hence they are not free.But the most penetrating irony is demonstrated in the naming of the Bible salesman Manley Pointer. There is a phallic allusion to the first name, apocalyptical of a male dominance. (Associated Content, 2007) In addition to this, his subsequent escapades with Hulga are hardly in sync with the trade he is in. Inspired by the infamous Tucson killing of several girls by a young man in the early 1960s, Joyce Carol Oats wrote the short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? which was published in her short story collection The Wheel of Love in 1970.From thematic perspectives, the story fundamentally deals with teenage problems of cognizant perspectives. Connie, a typical teenage uptown girl, is preoccupied with material thoughts and concerns. Her actions are grossly impulsive without a good d eal forethought into consequences. Connies flirtatious demeanor lands her in serious trouble once she comes in polish off with Arnold Friend. So the story can be regarded as a contemporary documentation of the American edict in the 1960s and 1970s, soaringlighting the adolescent perils.As far as literary device is concerned, the character of Arnold Friend is thematically antonymous to his name. His manipulative use of language exerts psychological pressures on Connie. Friends strange physical appearance makes for the unique interpretation that he is a manifestation of the devil superstar of his boots was at a strange angle, as if his foot wasnt in it. It pointed out to the left, bent at the ankle. (Celestial Timepiece, 2007) Furthermore, the referral to the conjecture of Friends wooden leg can be compared with Hulgas wooden leg in Good Country People.Now as Hulga undergoes a transformation of sorts in the end of the story, Oats keeps her readers guessing astir(predicate) the fate of Connie. There is ample evidence to suggest that just like Hulga, Connie also heads for a piercing destiny after she confronts devil in the form of Friend. This subtle but expressive use of symbolism accounts for a potent literary device in both the short stories. A thorough character analysis of the two protagonists leads to the finding of more resemblances than differences.Both have been given their fair share of intellectual sophistication in the beginning before the thematic construct of isolation is built around them. Hulgas didactic but hollow conversation with Manley only reveals her intense urge to be seen by others as socially superior. Similarly, Connies careless disposition in the way she wishes to draw the attention of older high school boys is just too pretentious to pass for honest and sensible behavior. Although Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?has importantly lesser number of characters compared to Good Country People, it is evident from the reading t hat the fate of nearly all the characters in both stories hinges on the actions of the main protagonists. If this minimalist factor, particularly in case of the second story, is taken into status as a parameter for symbolic interpretation of the texts, both authors leave plenty of scope for the readers to quantify the thematic progressions.BibliographyAssociated Content. (2007, May 7). An Analysis of Flannery OConnors Good Country People.Retrieved March 12, 2009, from http//www. associatedcontent. com/article/235649/an_analysis_of_flannery_oconnors_good_pg2. hypertext mark-up language? cat=4 Celestial Timepiece. (2007). Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?. Retrieved March 12, 2009, from http//jco. usfca. edu/works/wgoing/text. html enotes. (2009). Good Country People Overview. Retrieved March 12, 2009, from http//www. enotes. com/good-country-people Oates, Joyce Carol. , and Showalter, Elaine. Where are you going, where have you been? . Piscataway Rutgers University Press, 1994.

Partnership with Parents Essay Example for Free

Partnership with P arnts EssayParents are experts on their let child and are their childs first and main educators. To meet the needs of children in our care effectively, childcare centers hold up to build strong relationships with parents and make sure that the sharing of information is a two-way, on going process. shoot for for practitioners should be to achieve an open, supportive relationship with parents, who will be made to feel welcome, involved and richly informed about what happens in the childcare center.The preschool experience is often a young childs first signifi cornerstonet experience away from home. The first separation from home frequently places stress on the family until the transition is made. I submit vivid memories of the first day I dropped off my son at preschool. I must have had a thousand questions and a million concerns Would he behave? Would he cry? Would the teachers be subject to keep up with him? The questions and concerns went on and on unt il I and my son in the end felt comfortable with the preschool staff and environment.Positive parent-teacher partnerships assist young children with the transition from home and promote hale growth and development. Even though actively reaching out to parents requires time, patience, and energy, teachers benefit by mind childrens home environments. If the partnership amid parents, staff and child is going well, each need to be able to trust and respect the other. The self-esteem and well-being of the people in the partnership are important when they are relieve oneselfing together.Very important is a good start. Childcare staff should to help parents and children to feel welcome when they first arrive at the setting for e. g. parents and visitors are given a friendly welcome by staff an attractive display in the entrance area showing some of the recent activities that children have been involved in information showing the names of staff, with their photographs. Important is pos itive image and messages about diversity- for e. g. antithetical languages, ethnicities and genders.The key to success in the partnership is good communication. Practitioners can sharing information with parent for unidirectional or two way communication. One-way communication occurs when teachers seek to inform parents about events, activities, or children pass along through a variety of sources, such as an introductory letter at the beginning of the preschool year, newsletters, explanation cards, communication books, childcare center Web sites, and so on. Two-way communication involves interactive dialogue among preschools teachers and parents.Conversations may occur during telephone calls, home visits, parent-teacher conferences, open houses, and various preschool-based community activities. Teachers should actively curb both strategies to maximize sharing information with parents. Parents and teachers share in the responsibility of a childs education. The two should work cooperatively to foster a positive educational experience for a child. Often times, however conflicts do arise. Conflicts between teachers and parents can arise in a number of ways.A parents sometimes have a hard time dealing with the fact that someone else is parenting their child. Another common parental gripe is that the teacher is not giving the child enough attention or otherwise treating her inappropriately. Additional problem may be language barrier. An increasing number of parents do not speak English as a first language so they are unable to understand communications from the preschool. This can be a real issue and preschool teacher should assess whether hi or she is in a position to spoken language this.When it comes to things like parents meeting teacher can invite some of parents family or friends who know English and can translate Even those parents who are fluent in English can have trouble understanding some communications from the preschool. Preschool teachers may be always think carefully when communicating with parents and ensure that they applyt use the jargon they might use with they colleagues. The key to a good relationship between teachers and parents is open communication. Parents should always talk directly with the teacher about the problem. Good communication prevents conflict from arising and makes resolutions a lot easier.

Some Factors That Lead to Success in College Essay Example for Free

Some Factors That Lead to Success in College EssayWhat should we do to posit a good impression at a job interview? Last year, my cousin, Jake, went to a deposit to apply for a job. As you know, when you apply for a job, you must be ready to answer a lot of question. Some of the questions that an interviewer may ask you include educational background, previous jobs, and salaries you earned. The problem with Jake was that he was non prepared for the questions. The interviewer asked Jake a lot of things that he could not answer. Because Jake was not prepared for the interview, he did not become the job. If you do not want to be in that situation, you may want to maintain these steps. As you foot see, it is necessary to be well prepared for the job interview. Having the answer ready, being properly dressed, and being on time can all tending to make a good impression on the interviewer. If you follow these steps, you leave behind soon find yourself sitting behind the desk at that coveted job.TopicCareer you claim after loss schoolOctober 21st, 2010Leave a commentGo to commentsCareer you recognize after leaving schoolWhat career would you like to acquire after leaving school? (Teacher) Today, it is not easy to choose a career. Hundreds of students pass dissimilar examinations every year and compete with one another for positions in the various professions which are not so many an(prenominal) as there are applicants. I would, however, like to choose article of belief as my career. There are several reasons to consider teacher an interesting job. Being a teacher, we have to learn more. If we teach History or Geography, it is important to read many books to make our teaching lessons more interesting to our students. We therefore gain more fellowship of the subjects that we teach than what we can get from the schoolbook books.A large amount of text books for the subjects we teach are not likely enough to facilitate us to become an exciting teacher. In other words, a good teacher often reads many other books which are not related to the subjects he or she is supposed to teach. The large extent of knowledge on different fields make students admire the teacher and love the subject of which he or she is in charge. A teacher has to speak well and clearly sothat students can be satisfactory to understand instructions and lectures.This would be a motivation to improve our powers of expression. Even our pronunciation of words go away be much better. Moreover, a teacher has more free time to read, learn and take around examinations to acquire more qualifications. Finally, as a teacher we are respected as educated persons. Others will show their respect to teachers and have their great regard for them and opinions that teachers give. For the reasons mentioned above, being a teacher can help me to live a happy meaningful life.

Philosophy as Metaphysics Essay Example for Free

Philosophy as Metaphysics EssayABSTRACT Philosophy builds with special attri notwithstandinges of objects the totalities. The basic temperistics of this type of object be their meta physiological, nonnatural, and total character. The character of these objects determines the specificity of oral communication and the methods of philosophy. The language of philosophy represents symbolic language surmise is the basic method of philosophy. On the one hand, objects of this type emphasis homo sapien as essences capable of constructing much(prenominal) objects, which in turn assumes the qualification of human consciousness to make synthetical acts. On the basis of philosophy as metaphysics, an original approach is offered which divides the history of philosophy into periods as well as providing analysis of different philosophical systems. Feature of philosophical activity, as against a science, is the persist with special, not physical objects the totalities, which argon constituted by the philosopher. One of much(prenominal) objects is the universe of discourse, and, in this sense datum, we often say, that philosophy is a wel-tanschauung (world-outlook) .Certainly, the world as near(prenominal) erect of things can be studied by physics (sciences in a broad sense), hardly in this case a researcher can miss the point that the world is a totality, not just a simple set of things. As straightforward from scientific study the philosophy takes its objects as the totalities, which the display case of knowledge cannot study as ordinary objects, be buzz off the including the learning subject character of these the totalities excludes any meter scientific approach to knowledge in principle. Others examples of the in a higher place mentioned objects (the totalities) ar Ego and God.Objects of this type (with roughly reservations) atomic number 18 a lot of human world phenomena, such as bed, virtue, conscience, courage, bravery, understanding a nd so on. All these objects are those, that the precise fixing of objective criteria of their existence is impossible, it is impossible to create the high-grade theory of these phenomena (for example, theory of love or bravery), as they assume not still objective Contemplator (as it come outs in case of objects of scientific knowledge), simply also occupy the Actor inside them, that causes essenti all toldy twinkling manner of them being.(2) Exactly the character of these objects compulsive essential features of the philosophizing as metaphysical activity. The underlining of metaphysical character of philosophy objects dictates the special procedures of work with them, distinct from of methods of scientific knowledge. Metaphysical objects constructs cannot be given in frameworks of physical experience the study constructing of these objects occurs by a way of thinking means, procedures of speculation.That is why the one of the most typical mistakes in the researching of thes e objects is procedures of rude(a)ization metaphysical objects, i. e. esteem of natural (physical) analogs of these objects. For example, instead of work with the world (the world as totality) we consider the world as some sets of physical, chemical, biological etc. objects, and instead of the analysis of phenomenon of consciousness proper as metaphysical object the natural analog of consciousness brain or mentality of the particular human being, we examine.Specifying the status of these objects, it is possible to tell, that the subject of the philosophy activity are metaphysical-transcendental objects, i. e. objects having the boundary status of their existence. The boundary character of these objects allows to specify Kantian feature sensible phenomena and transcendent things in itself. Moreover, metaphysical-transcendental objects are located on border of early(a) known distinctions of unpolluted philosophy.(3) They are, for example, not subjective and not objective, not c onscious and not material. It is interesting in this respect style of the first proper philosophical category of being, which, in fact, was entered Parmenids as boundary metaphysical-transcendental object being-thinking (in this case, aboard with Parmenids postulating his first thesis, entering a category of being, presence of the second his thesis, establishing the coincidence of an entered category of being with an some other category the category of thinking).In some sense, metaphysical-transcendental objects are Husserls phenomenal, from which as a impart of procedures of objectivizing and (or) subjectivizing the subjects and objects can be received, i. e. is entered subjective-objective distinction of New cartridge clip. On the other hand, the boundary character of these objects allows still to work with them ( I specially avoid the term to learn, as far as these procedures are applied only for work with usual objects). Above this mode of working with them was named as spe culation, which, as a result, the construction of these objects to occur by a way of thinking means.The creation such thinking construct is caused by that the individual aspires to understand mode of functioning of the totalities, which surround him. And just this phenomenon of surprise before presence of such totalities is a beginning and basic nerve of philosophy. In this sense, philosophizing is possible only as an act of work of the beings, capable to postulate these totalities, due to synthetic acts (Kant), as being, perceiving the environmental world not in itself, however by means of symbolical function (Cassirer), through a prism of the transformed forms (Marx, Mamardaschvili).Another principal(prenominal) characteristic of metaphysical objects is their total-making nature. It means, that the purpose of designing such objects is the attempt of understanding of some phenomenon of totality (for example, the world as whole, totality) in light of a question how (why) this phe nomenon is possible?. The answer to this question assumes revealing mechanism of existence of this phenomenon.That is why it is important for the philosopher not to know some common aspect, that is allowed at a take of the primary, superficial description of it and other similar objects, but to know general (total) principle of functioning of objects of this type. For example, if a row of the plane polygons is given to us, a triangle(4) will act as general principle of this variety, because all others plane polygons can be given with the help of a triangle. Thus, philosophical constructs act as transcendental condition of seeing of other physical objects.That the phenomenon of seeing of a manse was possible as some totality, it is necessary to postulate a row of transcendental conditions of this phenomenon, among them we can allocate necessity being of the house (Parmenid), recognition (and taking shape) this being by means of idea of home (Plato), fixing the house as an object o f perception by some subject (Decartes) within spatial-temporary a priory forms of sensuality (Kant). On the other hand, a row of such philosophical constructs define a horizon, a way of seeing of subjects (Wittgenstein), associated with a certain epoch.For example, the mentioned above transcendental conditions of a phenomenon of seeing of a house define a way of seeing of subjects within the framework of branchical philosophy. In this sense these constructs act as total-necessary cultural machines, that set the cultural way of living activity of the person and made imperceptible but essential undercoat of his existence. For example, when a modern man looks at star sky, he sees not simply separate stars, but constellations and it is impossible to explain to a person from other culture (and the more so, being, which is not having ability to the synthetic acts).Moreover, developing this example with constructing of constellations, it is possible to tell, that exactly it has made po ssible occurrence of such activity as an astrology. The above mentioned metaphysical character of philosophy objects causes the specification of the language and methods philosophizing. The language of philosophy has not signal, but symbolical character. Lets stop on it hardly more in detail. Already science differs from the common sense description, because it uses some abstraction, ideal elements, which, in a common case, it is impossible to compare any certain objects of the physical validity.For example, as D. Gilbert says, in math, those are language fictions, and one of the main problems of a substantiation of mathematics is either an exception these fictions, or imposing some certain restrictions all that prevent the appearance of oppose consequences, while using language fictions. Any language works with signs, besides that, any theory deals with mentioned language fictions (= symbols), i. e. such kinds of signs, with which nothing corresponds in sensible reality.For exam ple, in physics has concepts a material point, an absolutely faint body, etc. They are often called as abstract ideal objects, which turn out by a way of abstraction (idealization) from any properties of real physical objects. But in physics there are and more fictitious objects cwarcks, for example, which not only is evident not imagine, but also until last time have acted only as theoretical constructs essentially of unobservable nature. In this case we can postulate a metaphysical mode of existence for these objects.It is important to emphasize, that these metaphysical objects do not exist in the same sense, as it is for the particular objects of a physical reality, such as table, chair,etc. The majority of the philosophy terms, its categoric apparatus have such symbolical character. It is impossible to give any referents of philosophical categories inside a physical reality. We can take as an example of such philosophical categories as being, consciousness etc. , for which we can somehow find certain physical analogues (for example, for a philosophical category being such analogue is the category substance or matter).But there are more humanitarian objects attached with some features of a human being way, for which in general there are no analogues in a nature. These are, for example, concepts virtue, conscience, love, debt, bravery This specification of the philosophy language, which symbols indicate an existence of a special metaphysical proportion of a reality could be expressed by Kantian exclamation Excuse me, but it is not, what I speak about(predicate) (mean) in response to German poet Schillers misunderstanding his categorical imperative.The metaphysical character of the categorical philosophical apparatus predetermines also specification of philosophical reasoning. The postulated non-sense character of perception of objects of the filosophizing assumes the special procedures of work, which were above characterized as a procedure of specul ation. The main difficulty thus is absence of a support on sensible analogy, which often helps us in daily life. The structure a reasoning about smooth being (or conscience) is principle different from the reasoning about a tree, or a sex, or other objects of the physical world.Danger, which here waits us influence of our vital experience, influence sensible hooks, which can destroy the ability for the reflex and philosophical analysis. To explain the idea about involuntary influence ours sensible apparatus, M. Mamardaschvili in the lectures about M. Proust, used as an example biblical commandment when they beat you on the one cheek roam another one as a vivid example of inhibition (Husserls phenomenological reduction) of a standard human reaction (reflex), imposed to us by sense-figurative thinking (if somebody hearts you reply with the same).Moreover, it is possible, that some other logic operates in area of speculative objects, distinct from usual, earthly logic. In particu lar, concord to opinion of the Russian philosopher and the logic N. A. Vasiljev, validity of the logic integrity of excluded third, has purely earthly an origin and it is connected with primacy, after Aristotle, of individual existing things.(5) If we, following Plato, consider classes of subjects as primary (for instance, subject a class of tables), the law of excluded third will be incorrect, as the table as one of set of subjects of a class of tables can be simultaneously both white and non-white (in instance, green). Of course, here it is necessary to realize, that the opposite properties are attributed to the different individuals of primary subject different things of the same class).The transfer of the point of view from single objects to classes of objects has allowed N.Vasiljev to manufacture imagined logic with the law of excluded fourth. This logic in anything does not concede on its parameters to our habitual logic with the law of excluded third, but expands opportu nities of our thinking. Within the framework of this logic the paradoxical coincidence between maximum and minimum, revealed Nikolaj from Kuza, does not cause surprise. The only acceptable procedure for understanding of philosophical categories within of some philosophical framework is the coefficient of correlation of the different speculative (metaphysics) objects with the help of a method language game.

Historical laws and Security Essay Example for Free

diachronic laws and Security EssayHistorical laws and Security CheckpointCJS/250April 24, 2013Historical Laws and Security CheckpointThe Babylonian King Hammurabi established the label of Hammurabi. It was established by the baron himself in 1750 B.C. and discovered intact in 1901. It contains 282 clauses variety of obligations, professions and rights, as well as retail, slavery, marriage, stealing, and outstanding debts. If whatever of the clause was to be violated the punishment that would be handed down would be severe (Clifford, 2004). This enroll is well known for serious punishment. The principles outlined are in the form of Lex talionis, or the law of requital to fit the crime (an eye for an eye).The Dracos code was named for the Greek of Athens citizen where it was written in 621 B.C., the first law written in Greece was very harsh that the articulate Draconian is used at present to describe how severe and unreasonable the law is. Concerns to penalty for any off ense that was committed death would be the result. It was very important to introduce the notion to the state, not the private citizens, is responsible for the punishing persons accused of crimes.The Law of The Twelve Tables originally included 10 laws. Written in Rome in 450 B.C. was meant to govern the Romans. It was the installation of the modern public and private law. They helped organize how crime would be prosecuted publicly and instituted a method whereby the involve parties could look for compensation from their aggressors. It was then the basic rule of Roman law was written and that justice would not be left at the hands of the judge alone to interpret.In 529 A.D., Corpus Juris Civilis or Justinian code was the result of Emperor Justinians desire and remembrance for his codification of Roman lawin a series of book (Clifford, 2004). Legal maxims derived from Justinian Code which inspired the modern concept of justice a word that comes from the emperors name. The foundatio n of civil law, one of the two main legal system, the other been English common law was formed by the Roman code that govern modern Western civilization. atomic number 53 of the high point in the middle ages occurred under King John of England, with the creation of the Magna Carta in 1216 which he was forced to sign. This document established the English due process which greatly reduced the king post by making decision in parliament rather on his own. The most important of the Magna Cartas 61 clauses was the 39th it states no freeman shall be captured or imprisoned except by licit judgment of his peers or by the law of the land (Clifford, 2004).Within a 70 year tangle England produced the next significant contribution to the system of law enforcement in developing the Statue of Westminster in 1285. King Edward convoluted the citizens in crime prevention and apprehension. It established three practical measures focusing on the security of touch citizens, the watch and ward, a hue and cry, and the assize of arms.In our current society, publicly and privately these laws have played a major role today. The legal system which we have in place would be the same, but instead it is different. One of the most important is the Magna Carta, and it can be seen in the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights, expression 21.Our economy today is drastically changing. With the amount of cutback it would be difficult for our finest to be all over the city to monitor any issues that may occur. With the assistance of the private forces the numbers has double or triple with less(prenominal) authority or priviledge as would an officer. Having both is beneficial to our society and the feel of safety is an encouragement to us all.ReferencesClifford, M (2004) Identifying and exploring security essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJPearson Prentice Hall.

Child Labor Paper Essay Example for Free

Child Labor reputation EssayChild task reached new heights during the Industrial Revolution. Due to this, it lead to an increase in the percentage of children ten to fifteen years of age who were gainfully employed. Although the official figure of 1.75 million importantly understates the true number, it indicates that at least 18 percent of these children were employed in 1900. In southern cotton plant mills, 25 percent of the employees were below the age of fifteen, with half of these children below age twelve (History). Businesses forced children to wreak excessive hours in dangerous factory conditions with minimal payment. At an attempt to combat child labor a few steps were taken. The creation of new technologic machinery limited the need for children to fulfill tasks. In addition, businesses demand higher levels of education in order to be even considered for the job. Congress created the child labor virtue in 1938 as another way to combat this issue. Although child l abor has mostly been eliminated it still poses a problem in other areas throughout the world, especially in developing countries.For example, in China children betwixt the ages of 5 and 17 are being taken advantage of through what their government calls Educational Labor. This elbow room that schools would have the ability to make their students grow and harvest crops, precisely instead most schools abuse this honor and they end up forcing the children to do a heavy amount of labor (Sites). The ILOs Statistical nurture and Monitoring Program on Child Labor recently submitted their estimates that 211 million children, or 18 % of children antiquated 5-14, are economically active worldwide. The two major components of this statistic is Asia, which consists of 60% those working children and Africa, which has 23% child labor. Non-governmental organization, normally referred to as NGOs, strongly disapprove of child labor and engage in strong efforts in order to give the children the ir freedom.They view it as a just act and most people would agree, but they do not think of the negative aspects that arise when the children are no longer employed. As a result, the children and family members go hungry, since they heavily rely on their employment to contribute to the familys well-being. Additionally, once the NGOs shut down the sweatshops there are no further actions taken afterwards. Meaning nothing is make in order to ensure the children are taken care of, go back to school, or financially compensated. They simply celebrate the factory closing as a victory and do not construct the big picture.history.com/topics/child-laborsites.google.com/a/tapa.tp.edu.tw/modern-day-slavery/child-labor/child-labor-in-china

Allelopathy Paper Essay Example for Free

Allelopathy Paper EssayIntroduction Considering the beneficial properties of plants, not only to us, but the environment as well, it is important to understand the nature of Allelopathy and how it affects plant ecology. According to the Topics in biology Laboratory Manuel, allelopathy refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant, by the release of chemicals from plant separate in both natural and agricultural systems. By secretion of biochemical materials, allelopathy involves a plants ability to inhibit germination or growth of the surrounding germination. In our exercise, we turn outed for the presence of allelopathic chemicals in plant shoots and the effect of the allelopathic chemicals (our I. V. ) on the germination and growth (our D. V. ) on daikon plant roots. The question proposed became, Does Rose seed extract affect the germination and growth of radish seeds? Keeping the allelopathic effects in mind, our working venture became, If ra dish seeds get exposed to the rose leaf extract, then their percent successful germination and the fairish length will be less than the percent successful germination and the amount length of the radish seeds which do not get exposed to the Rose leaf extract. Materials For week 1 and week 2 the following materials were used 10 grams of fresh leaves (rose), sandwich-type plastic bag, a scale, a blender, 100 mL of distilled water, folded cheesecloth, a move, one stock bottle, 3 pieces of filter physical composition, two Petri dishes, and 40 radish seeds. Methods According to the Topics in Biology Laboratory Manuel, the experiment was conducted as follows First we needed to collect fresh leaves from one plant species, and contact up a plastic sandwich bag, which we were to bring with us to the lab.Next in groups we were to weigh 10 grams of leaves from the one plant species and place the measured sample in a blender. Next we added the 100 mL of distilled water to the blender. Hold ing the lid of the blender, we blended the mixture completely. Then we placed some folded cheesecloth into a funnel and sat it into a stock bottle. Finally we poured the blended mixture through the funnel/cheesecloth to filter the solution. To test the Allelopathic effects, we then needed to place 3 pieces of filter paper in each of the bottoms of the two Petri dishes.In one Petri dish (labeled with the leaf extract) we added 10 mL of the filtered solution, so that it soaked the filter paper layers. In the second Petri dish (labeled control), we added 10 mL of distilled water so that the water soaked the filter paper layers as well. Next in each of the Petri dished we added 20 radish seeds on go along of the 3 pieces of filter paper, evenly spaced. Then we placed another piece of filter paper on top of the seeds in both dishes. Finally, we placed the lids on top of both Petri dishes to prevent excessive evaporation and stored them at room temperature, giving them a week to germinat e, then be evaluated.Results For our results, after careful observations and measurements, the percentages of successful germination were as follows For the Experimental group, that is the group treated with extract, had a 70% success rate in which 14 of the 20 radish seeds had sprouts. However, the Control group, which had been treated with distilled water, had an 85% of successful germination in which 17 of the 20 seeds had sprouted. When comparing the seedlings length, the observational group recorded 3. 0 mm cosmos the shortest, and 13. 0 mm being the longest, making 4. mm the number length of the seedlings, all which is indicated on the following two pages by standard graph representations on average seed length and percentage rates of both groups. When looking at the control group, however, the shortest length measured was 12. 0 mm and the longest was 62. 0 mm, making their average 42. 0 mm. When observing each of the radish seeds conditions, it was obvious that the contro l group produced healthier, more vibrant seedlings with an extended root system and hair. However the experimental group contained more so dry, yellowish seeds with piffling to no root hair.Discussion When observing the results of the Allelopathy experiment, it is evident that the results reflect and indeed support my hypothesis which verbalize that, If radish seeds get exposed to the rose leaf extract, then their percent successful germination and the average length will be less than the percent successful germination and the average length of the radish seeds which do not get exposed to the Rose leaf extract. So again when comparing the average length of seedlings between the control group and the experimental group, there really is no comparison the experimental group had a mere 4. mm length verses that of the control group which had a remarkable 42. 0 mm length. Although noted both had a high percentage rate of germination, it really comes down to Allelopathy and the rivalro us chemical warfare, present in our experimental group. As for leaving room for error, a number of problems could arrest taken place, such as if small amounts of water needed to be added to re-saturate the filter paper, or if fungus appeared due(p) to the high temperatures, etc. Over all I believe the experiment did a good trouble of explaining and demonstrating the Allelopathic effects on plant economy.

Of Mice and Men and Oliver Twist Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men and Oliver Twist Es narrateOf mice and men written by John Steinbeck is set in 1930 during the economic depression caused by the stock market crash of 1929. distant Oliver Twist, Of mice and men is set in USA, near the Salinas River, in the hot and beautiful state of California.On the some other hand, Charles Dickens Oliver Twist is set in the powerful and the majestic metropolis of London, over-ruled with darkness and murky contaminant brought or so by what was the industrial revolution in 1870, when the novel was set. The Industrial revolution in truth puts the full-page evil and darkness of London into a shadow which adds to the sinister acts that unveil themselves as the novel progresses.The cardinal primary(prenominal) characters of of mice and men be two migrant agricultural labourers, George Milton and Lennie Smalls.George, Small and quick, dark of face, with restless look and sharp strong features.Ein truth use of him defined small, strong hand s, slender arms and a decoct bony face.The second part of an unlikely relationship between these two friends is Lennie, who is a large man, amorphous of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide sloping shoulders.George is Lennies guardian, because of his mental immaturity he is totally reliant on Georges leaders and commanding power, over of which he follows.In my opinion, without George, Lennie would either be dead or locked up in jail, as a result of him doing stupid acts.It is ironic that Lennies surname is Small, because of his huge coat, Bear like as the author describes.In the time of which of mice and men is set, there is lots of tension. Social classes, women, people who suffer from racial discrimination all suffer at the same expense during this period.Crooks is the only black man In this novel, and it is d sensation him that we can see the position of blacks in America.Crooks, is crippled because he got kicked by a horse, he has his knowledge little room, away from the rest of the hands.The other hands openly refer to Crooks as Nigger, this example direct amplifies the life and times of the Black Americans at this time.Women are also represented through Curleys wife. Curleys wife is unmatched quarter of an unhappy marriage.The other three quarters of the marriage is Curley, the bosses sun, who has full power of his wife and tells her what to do constantly.Steinbeck deliberately doesnt give Curleys wife a name, this representing the insignificance and illustrates ownership over women at this time.Curleys Wife doesnt really wonder Curley, and didnt really marry him because of love.She married him to prove a point to her mother, who destroyed the relationship she did have with the one she did love.She admitted, that marrying him was a Way Out.Curleys wife is an ambitious, flirtatious, good looking, young women, who the ranch hands try to ignore and avoid.She is trap in loneliness, in Curleys wrath, she is where she isnt loved, and her only alte rnative is to make the most out of what she has got.Aint I got a rightfield to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am, anyways? Youre a nice guy. I dont know why I cant talk to you I aint doin no harm to you.Previous to the murder, in the barn.There, in my opinion, is a hierarchy at the ranch, and at the bottom lies Curleys wife and Crooks, two characters treated insignificantly and are discriminated due to their affectionate classes, a women and a black.In California, the setting for this novel, the atmosphere and the surroundings is very harsh and tough for the workers.The status and behaviour of the workers in the novel reflect this well.For the workers, there was no cash benefit for the workers, so If they suffer their job then they have to do without and mainly starve.The law, I learned is enforced well, but queerly enough, without any force as we never see any police during the novel.California is described super well, it is very interestingly described too, this appea ls to the reader and gives the novel a very bright and happy start. The source few pages focus on the setting and commentate on all the happenings that go on, this builds a smell out of reality.Steinbeck was born and raised in California, near Salinas, so he had an advantage when attempting to describe it as he can relate to it very well.Oliver Twist is almost exactly the opposite in comparison. It is a very dark novel. London at this time set the scene for the monstrosities that happened and the events that took place. You could almost guess what was to expect when see the first few pages of Oliver Twist, but to do the same with Of mice and men would be completely different. Of Mice and Men starts on a high, very bright and colourful, but it changes contrasts and horrible happenings crowd the last few chapters of the novel.The two main characters in Oliver Twist are Oliver and Fagin. Oliver is a young orphan, brought into the then cruel world by an strange mother.Fagin, is an U n- adult male man, whose features are aged and ugly. He is a ring leader of a gang of thieves that rob the city of London of valuable possessions, such as money, watches and gold.The Artful Dodger is Fagins keen apprentice, willing to learn, who knows all the tricks of the trade, a master of theft and scams.Bill Sikes, Fagins second man, is a ruthless cut throat man, whose large size and aggressive attributes add to the murder later on in the novel.The two murderers, Lennie and Sikes have many similarities. foremost Sikes and Lennie are two large and intimidating men, whos leader is considerably smaller than them. Secondly, they both receive orders and are followers to their two leaders.Although Sikes doesnt receive commands off Fagin to an extent where he cannot survive without him, like Lennie, one part of the story he does.This is the main event that leads up to the murder of Nancy. In the early hours of the morning, when all the human and civilised world is asleep, London is awa ke.Fagin is awake in his chair. Waiting.Sikes enters with the loot that he has stolen from peoples houses.Fagin starts to talk about Nancy, Sikes girlfriend. He goes on and explains that Nancy could be a leak and could tell on them to the police.Fagin, knowing that Sikes has the mordacity and the capability of murder, begins to perform twist psychology. He knows that if he pulls the right strings that Sikes could do anything for him.Sikes quite easily falls into Fagins mastermind trap, as if he had been brainwashed or hypnotised, he is now going to commit Fagins murder for him.Sikes goes to where Nancy is sleeping and heavily shouts and screams at her. This traumatises her, to the extent where she doesnt know what is going on. This makes Nancy vulnerable, and this is where Sikes commits his brutal and sick attack on her.We can tell, and by reading these several lines of the story, the evil and cunningness of Sikes.He continuously beats Nancy to death with a woody stick.Leaning u p top the murder of Curleys wife, which was by far not as hellacious and as dreadful as this, Lennie was minding his own business and was in the barn, calmly accident one of Slims pups.Not knowing his own strength Lennie accidentally killed the pup.Lennie began to become sad and at the same time, angry. He repeatedly thought about George not letting him tend the rabbits, at the home of which the whole is dream is based around.An hell say Now just for that you aint gunna tend no rabbits.Lennie put the pup in the straw, and began to talk to himself, moaning the death of the pup.Curleys wife enters and begins to flirt with Lennie, who confesses to her liking for stroking nice things.She invites him to stroke her long soft hair, but as the stroking becomes harder, she panics the harder he strokes the more she panics and then Lennie accidentally breaks her neck. He half-buries the body in the hay and runs off to the brush.As you can tell, both the two murders are of a totally differen t nature. In of mice and men, the murder was unexpected, and didnt really fit into the surrounding story, On the other hand, In Oliver Twist, a murder was almost inevitable. Sikes was a turn over murder, as he had thought it out and planned the whereabouts etc. Lennies was out of the blue, an accident neither him or anyone else could of prevented.The setting of the two murders, also are totally different. The murder of Curleys wife was in the barn, in the lucky and hot state of California. The murder of Nancy was in the grimy claustrophobic city of London.The descriptions in the stories of the murders, are once again totally opposite.In Oliver Twist, Dickens almost runs a post-mortem on the body, and describes Sikes moves in detail after the murderer.In of mice and men, however, Steinbeck runs a bleak vague synopsis on the happenings.

Counseling Couples And Families Psychology Essay

Counseling Couples And Families Psychology EssayThis newsprint examines the come towards the focal point of families and the technique behind cognitive behavioural therapy, within the context of psychology. The paper provides a brief launching to family counselling methods and forward moti 1s and particular focus on cognitive behavioural therapy. The paper is structured into two principal(prenominal) parts Part 1 deals with the method, technique and application of cognitive behavioural therapy whereas Part 2 deals with the much(prenominal) holistic accession of integrating this with personal belief and family values. The conclusion provides a summary of the key points. launch in that respect argon varied approaches to Family Counselling and these include much(prenominal) items as structural, psychoanalytic, bowenian, experiential etc. This paper focuses upon the aspect of cognitive behavioural family therapy. Early in the family therapy movement, this approach was treated w ith a degree of incredulity by the to a greater extent traditionalist family counsellors. They saw the technique as having insufficient depth to deal with the complexities and dynamics of family dysfunction. In the early days, this approach was whole considered useful in the counselling of children with family dis put ins but it has since evolved into much wider applications. It is only in the last 10 years that Cognitive Behavioural therapy as emerged in its own unspoiled as a major approach to family counselling. (Leahy, R. 2004)The different approaches to family counselling are extensively discussed in the sue of Goldenberg. (Goldenberg, H, 2008). Cognitive behavioural approaches defy been curiously in(predicate) in treating adolescents and y step to the forehs with behavioural jobs. The theoretical approach has the strength of adapting to different behavioural circumstances and environments. It deals with both emotional and social domains and as such is extremely telli ng in its applied application. The theory deals directly with those cognitive forces that stimulate emotional reactions and behavioural responses. As such it provides a problem solving penchant in tell apart to determine the best or some suitable forms of psychological handling. In order to deal successfully with cognitive problems it is important to gain a precise understanding of the emotions being displayed and understand the causation factors behind these. Mental health professionals have draw the importance of family and social relationships as an important contributory part of the therapeutic process in treating problems. As such favourable outcomes in treatment are highly influenced by a positive approach and supportive stance being adopted from the parents. (Kendall, P.C. 2006)COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL FAMILY THERAPYIn the early days, the behavioural therapist saw only those individuals who were involved in problematic marriages. The others are children within problem famili es. The supposition of strategic behavioural therapy developed the need to build on individual cognitive frameworks. Two of the major contributors were Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis. both(prenominal) of these were influenced by Freud (instinct), Jung (mysticism) and Adler (common sense). Hence, from the perspective of the behavioural counsellor opinions resulted in feelings and these in turn led to behavioural responses. (Friedberg, R.D. 2010)The problem areas that most readily identified with cognitive behavioural approach were that of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Anxiety, mood disorder, marriage and family therapy and eating disorders. The goal of CBT is considered threefold (i) To enable the diligent to become more than aware that help is available and remedial action can be applied (ii) To assist the node in greater awareness of the problem and thereby invoke both confidence and belief (iii) to inebriate the co unsellor towards a more positive therapeutic approach. It is important that the counsellor develops a rapport with the patient and helps in the development of new cognition.The important aspect of CBT is that it is a relative short form of treatment and only consumes about 4-7 months of therapy in order to treat most form of problems. It is essentially a confederacy of psychotherapy and behavioural therapy and combines a joint approach mingled with patient and counsellor in order to determine a set of principles that can be applied to their daily lives. CBT uses the assumption that it is not the events that foment us but the interpretation and meaning we give them. Hence if we provide too much of a negative emphasis we are blocked from doing action that we do not believe in. In this model we only hang on to old thoughts and are prevented from learning new things. (Martin, B. 2012)Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) whitethorn be described a treatment modality that combines a nu mber of techniques i.e. relaxation and soothing skills, cognitive behavioural techniques and improvement of self-awareness skills. In this context, modality may be defined as an application approach using a therapeutic agent. The approach to treatment is by that of problem solving, cognitive modification, exposure skills and hazard management. Patients with borderline spirit disorders or those showing suicidal tendencies are difficult to treat. DBT is an innovative therapeutic approach aimed at addressing these needs. (Swales, B.K. 2011)The main aspect of DBT is that of accepting the condition of the patient whilst trying to teach them to change. This is achieved by building and maintaining a positive relationship with the client. The therapy looks towards getting the client to understand the reasons for the suicidal or dysfunctional behaviour. in that location are essentially four styles of treatment (i) Individual Therapy the main body of work (ii) Group Skills doctrine a number of techniques that include emotion moderation skills, inter-personal effectiveness, distress, tolerance etc. (iii) Telephone contact readying of help line sessions by telephone, outside of the main therapy sessions (iv) Therapist consultation group sessions in the DBT mode the therapists work collectively to remain dialectical in the interaction with one another. (Capuzzi, D. 2008)There is a orotund literature base covering this area. Much of the work on dialectical behavioural therapy comes from Marsha Lineham who is a clinical psychologist based in Seattle. (Palmer, 2002). The concept of dialectical thinking has been defined as the manner in which the broader thought concept expresses the considered limitations of linear ideas on causation. (Palmer, R.L. 2002).Counselling and Marriage ProblemsModern society poses numerous challenges upon a successful marriage. ane of the most demanding is that of financial hardship. That might be brought on by a job vent or physical i llness, leaving ones spouse to cope with the problem. This is often the situation where marital communications breakdown, when in fact it is the most important time for working as a team and communicating with one another. Another important issue is the loss of self-image, where either weight gain or loss occurs. The concept of obesity or anorexic this can lead to bouts of depression and subsequent illness. Another factor is dealing with family relationships, and this is peculiarly trying in new marriages. The concept of dealing with intervention and demands by in-laws, and having to deal with expectations that posed a strain on the marriage. The concept of long-term illness, dis efficacy or major illness can impose a tremendous strain on the spouse who is working and equally having to look after their partner. (Long, H. 2010)In the last 20 years we have seen a dramatic rise in divorce rates, particularly in the US and Western Europe. Studies have indicated that this decline in ma rriage is largely due to the global breakdown and weakening of the traditional family structure. It is the maintenance of the family structure that really necessitates the importance of marriage. The children produced from the marriage are the coming(prenominal) in terms of perpetuating human society. Strong family values teach the children the ethics and the social responsibilities of adulthood. The love of the parents to the children translates to the personality of the adult. The displacement of this leads to a more random outcome and potentially more uncaring society. Research carried out in the UK indicated that a large majority of those surveyed feel marriage is no longer necessary today. (Papadopoulos, L. 2010)FAMILY advise AND CHRISTIANITYFamily counselling can be provided from a Christian perspective and there are many self-imposed services that offer this service. I believe that you dont necessarily have to be a Christian in order to help others in distress or need but the overarching philosophy of Christianity supports this. The objective of the Christian approach is to bring the sincerity of love and care into the power of healing and a theoretical orientation into listening, understanding and relating to volumes problems. As such faith based counselling is not applied based on winning converts to Christianity but is part of an overall philosophy of the religion that is devoted to the care, well-being and help of mankind. There are for example biblical teachings that help in provision of guidance for dealing with people that have mental issues and family troubles. This is not achieved by the imposition of views on others but understanding client needs and providing a service of focused intervention in order to help them navigate towards a successful outcome.One of the fundamental approaches to that of Christian counselling is the provision of holistic strategies that equip the families with a basis to understand their relationships, the abilit y to re-connect and rediscover the love for one another and getting to grips with the root cause analysis of problems in order that they are better equipped to deal with them. Using the strengths-based approach it is helped that such counselling services helps to attain a difference and by a joint participatory approach it is possible to heal people from past hurts and retributions in order to expose the family to a renewed and better relationship through the deliverance of family relationships.A break down in family communications are often attributed to many of the marital problems that require intervention and counselling. There are numerous challenges in the integration of Christian principles into family therapy and counselling services. It was Berger and Luckman (1967) that managed to distinguish between two core competencies in family counselling i.e. primary socialisation where the process involves the identification as a member of a social group i.e. where a child still h as abstract views of the social ground and that of secondary socialisation where a child has already internalized a specific view of the world. In a marital break-down, the children are often the most vulnerable in terms of conceptualising what is taking place in terms of a communications breakdown.The more modern approach is that of permissive parenting. These types of parents often adopt an voluptuous style as such they have very few demands to make of their children because they have low expectations from them in terms of discipline and maturity. The parents become more responsive than demanding. Such approaches are very lenient, flexible and do not require mature behaviour. The style is very much geared towards nurturing the children and becoming more of a trusted friend than that of a parent. In the US this has been termed the buddy approach. It is seen as being far more effective from a communications viewpoint as the child is more likely to confide in you and seek advice as a friend as opposed to a figure of authority that scares or intimidates. It provides for a healthier more deeply affectionate relationship as the parent is viewed more of a coach / mentor figure that someone who is rule bound and inflexible. This style can make for much happier parenting relationships and provides much better management of the puberty and teenage years.The downside is that you may not always be interpreted seriously and in the teenage years the children may become manipulative. This is the question of balance and ensuring that whilst you are a friend you are also the parent and as such have the final decision in terms of the more important decisions that need to be made. This particularly where teenage relationships and wise counselling are concerned e.g. substance abuse, external influences, behavioural considerations etc.