Describe and Evaluate Two Theories for the Maintenance of Relationships Essay

Social permutation theories exist in various forms scarcely the rudimentary theme is that people whitethorn be selfish. Social exchange theories argue people may receive alliances in a reelect or loss way. Thibaut & Kelley believed people will look to see how honor a relationship is and then how much it be to be in the relationship. If in that respect is a emolument left everywhere (rewards costs = profit) then that may encourage them to continue the relationship where as if thither is a loss this may motivate them to end the relationship.Blau argued that interactions are expensive, as they take time, aptitude and commitment and may involve unpleasant emotions and experiences. Therefore what we get out of a relationship must(prenominal) exceed what goes in. Walster et al believed that favorable interactions involve an exchange of rewards, like affection, information, status. The degree of attraction or relish reflects how people evaluate the rewards they receive in relative to those given.SET is therefore an economic possibleness explaining relationships in terms of maximising benefits and minimising costs. The Social exchange is the mutual exchange of rewards between partners like friendship, sex and the costs of being in the relationship may be freedoms given up, time, effort. A person may hit their assessment of their rewards by using two comparisons The comparison level (CL) where rewards are compared to costs to judge profits.This may be based on past experiences and relationships as well as what we bide to get from a relationship. The comparison level for alternative relationships (CLalt) Where rewards and costs are compared against perceived alternative relationships and how they compare. A relationship is hold ined if profit is perceived in both these two comparisons.Thibaut & Kelley proposed a four-stage model setting how relationships could be maintained, predicting that over time people develop a predictable and mutually bene ficial pattern of exchanges assisting the maintenance of relationships try out Rewards and costs are assessed in a number of relationships Bargaining A relationship is costed out and sources of profit and loss are identified Commitment Relationship is established and maintained by predictable exchange of rewards Institutionalisation Interactions are established and the couple settle down.Mills et al identified two kinds of interior relationships (a) The communal couple where each partner gives out of concern for the other and (b) The Exchange couple who give mental records of who is ahead and who is behind. This indicates that there are different types of relationships and SET may apply to some of them but non universally to all. Rusbult asked participants to complete questionnaires over a 7-month period concerning rewards and costs and found that SET did non explain the early honeymoon phase of the relationship when balance of exchanges was ignored.However later on relatio nship costs were compared with degree of satisfaction which suggests that the theory is best applied to the maintenance of relationships. Rusbult found that costs and rewards from a relationship were weighed up in comparison to possible alternative relationships when deciding whether they should be maintained which supports that social exchange models idea that people assess rewards by making comparisons.However a third gene of investment (Commitment) was also a factor in this in which people compared how much they had invested into the relationship and what they stood to pull away which SET does not fully recognise suggesting it does not explain such things. Rusbults Investment model looks at this however and better explains this. Hatfield looked at people who felt over or under-benefited. The under-benefitted felt angry and take while the over-benefited felt guilty and uncomfortable.This supports SET theory by suggesting that regardless of whether individuals benefitted, they do not worry to maintain a relationship which is unfair. Equity Theory may better explain this however and how it may that that theory is better suited to explain such as if, as SET proposes, it is all about(predicate) profit then surely when people feel they are over-benefiting they are more inclined to maintain the relationship. Rubin believed that although people are not fundamentally selfish attitudes towards others are determined to a large accomplishment by how rewarding we think they are for us supporting the theory.Argyle criticised methodologies that evaluate SET as being contrived and artificial with little relevance to real life relationships. Sedikides claimed that people are undefended of being completely unselfish in relationships and do things for others without expecting anything in return which is most evident in relationships with those emotionally close to us. Sedikides believed that individuals could bolster their partners self-esteem when faced with failu res or stress and therefore SETs theory of humans being out for what they can get is simplistic and inaccurate.Fromm argued against the theory also contestation that true love was about giving as opposed to false love where people expect to have favours returned. Most research has tended to concentrate on short-term consequences of relationships rather than the long-term maintenance and what drives them. This theory may apply to those that keep score. Mustein et al devised the exchange orientation tool, identifying such scorekeepers who are mistrustful and insecure suggesting that the theory only suits relationships lacking confidence and mutual trust.Equity Theory Equity does not mean equality instead it perceives individuals as motivated to achieve fairness in relationships and to feel dissatisfy with inequity (unfairness). Definitions of equity within a relationship can differ between individuals. Maintenance of relationships occurs through balance and stability. Relationship s where individuals put in more than they receive or receive more than they put in are inequitable, leading to dissatisfaction and possible dissolution.The recognition of inequity within a relationship presents a befall for a relationship to be saved that is, maintained further by making adjustments so that there is a return to equity. Relationships may alternate between periods of perceived balance and imbalance, with individuals being motivated to return to a state of equity. The greater the perceived imbalance, the greater the efforts to realign the relationship, so long as a chance of doing so is perceived to be viable.